- Ma router epamba anowanzo shandiswa kurwiswa nemakombiyuta uye anoda mamwe matanho ekuchengetedza.
- Vagadziri vakaita seASUS, TP-Link, uye NETGEAR vanobatanidza mhinduro dzekudzivirira dzepamusoro muma routers avo.
- Kosi yakanaka yekubatanidza vanhu inosanganisira mamodheru eOSI/TCP-IP, IP addressing, subnetting, uye basic configuration.
- Muma network emakambani, topology dzekuwana-kugovera-pakati pehurongwa hwepamusoro dzinovandudza mashandiro uye kusimba.
ari Manetwork edata ave moyo wedzimba dzese nemabhizinesiUye kuziva mashandiro ayo hakusi kwevanyanzvi vemakombiyuta chete. Kubva parouter inoiswa nevanopa internet yako kusvika kumakambani makuru enetwork, zvese zvakabatana uye, nekudaro, zvinosangana nematambudziko ekushanda uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kunzwisisa kuti zvakagadzirwa sei, ndeapi maturusi anobatanidzwa, uye kuti akachengetedzwa sei ndicho chinhu chikuru chekufamba munyika yedhijitari yanhasi zviri nyore.
Kuwedzera pakudzidza kubatanidza tambo kana kugadzirisa Wi-Fi, nhasi zvakakosha Kunzwisisa maprotocol, mareferensi emhando, kero ye IP, uye matanho ekuchengetedza izvo zviri shure kwekubatana kwese. Pane izvi tinofanira kuwedzera chimwe chinhu chakakosha: kuchengetedzwa kwepamhepo muma router epamba nemabhizinesi, uko matsotsi epamhepo anotsvaga chero nzira yekuwana mukana wekupinda, kuba ruzivo, kana kutoshandura router yako kuita chikamu chebotnet kuti irwise vanhu vechitatu.
Nei ma routers ekumba ari chinangwa chakanaka kudaro
Ma router anopiwa nevanopa internet service anowanzova zvishandiso zvepakutanga, zviri nyore kushandisa asi zvine Mitemo yekuchengetedzeka isina kukwana uye maficha epamusoro akaderedzwa zvakanyanyaIzvi zvinoita kuti vave chinangwa chakanaka chevanorwisa: mamiriyoni emidziyo yakafanana, ine firmware yakafanana, inowanzo gadziriswa zvisirizvo kana kuti yekare. Kana tsotsi repaindaneti rikawana dambudziko rinogona kushandiswa, rinogona kuishandisa zvakanyanya.
Imwe yenjodzi huru ndeyekuti murwisi achabudirira pinda network yemukati memushandisi kuburikidza nerouter yakakanganisikaKubva ipapo, vanogona kuferefeta traffic, kuedza kuba zvitupa, kurwisa zvimwe zvishandiso zvakabatana (makombiyuta, nharembozha, makamera eIP, NAS, masisitimu ekugadzirisa dzimba, nezvimwewo), kana kutoisa malware. Munzvimbo dzemumba, izvi zvinoshandura kubiwa kwedata remunhu, mukana wekupinda mumaakaundi ebhangi kana masevhisi epamhepo usingatenderwe, uye matambudziko makuru ekuchengetedza ruzivo.
Chimwe chiitiko chinowanzoitika ndechekuti, kana router yangokanganiswa, matsotsi anoisanganisa mu botnet yakashandiswa kutanga kurwiswa kweDDoS (Distributed denial-of-service)Mushandisi kazhinji haazive zvachose kuti kubatana kwake kuri kushandiswa mukurwiswa kwemawebhusaiti, masevha emitambo, mapuratifomu epamhepo, kana zvimwe zvinangwa chaizvo izvo varwisi vanoda kubvisa. Router inoramba ichishanda "zvakanaka kana zvisina kunaka," asi kumashure, inogara ichitumira traffic yakaipa.
Dambudziko guru nderekuti Ma router aya anopiwa ne carrier anowanzo shaya mamwe ma layers ekuchengetedza Havawanzo kupa nzira dzepamusoro dzekusefa, kuongorora kwakadzika kwepaketi, kana dziviriro kubva kunjodzi dzemazuva ano. Zvese izvi zvinowedzera njodzi yekubiwa kwedata, kubiridzira mune zvemari, kana kurasikirwa nedata remushandisi akakosha.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvekuchengetedza muma routers emazuva ano
Zvichitevera mamiriro ezvinhu aya, vamwe vagadziri vakatora danho rakakosha: batanidza mainjini ekuchengetedza epamusoro mumidziyo yako yekumba neyehunyanzvikuitira kuti dzishande kwete senzira iri nyore yekupinda muInternet chete, asiwo senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira network yese. Dziviriro iyi inofukidza zvese zvishandiso zvakabatana newaya neWi-Fi.
Mhinduro idzi dzakabatana dzekuchengetedza dzinoshanda semhando ye chidzitiro chemuganho chine mabasa akafanana nefirewall yakangwara uye antivirus yekutangaVanogona kuvhara madhomini anozivikanwa ane njodzi, kuona kuedza kwekupinda muwebsite, kuona vanhu vasingawanzo pinda, kudzivirira kupinda mumawebhusaiti ephishing, kana kutobvisa midziyo iri munetwork. Kazhinji, mushandisi anogamuchira zviziviso kana mishumo nezvezvakaonekwa uye zvakavharika.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvakakosha kujekesa kuti, kunyange zvichibatsira, Dziviriro idzi hadzitsivi software yeantivirus kana maturusi ekuchengetedza akaiswa pakombuta yega yega kana mudziyoZvakanaka, inofanira kuonekwa senzira ine zvikamu zvakasiyana: router inodzivirira network perimeter, nepo mudziyo wega wega uchichengetedza software yekuchengetedza yazvino inokwanisa kushanda kana chimwe chinhu chikakwanisa kupfuura iyo sefa yekutanga.
Parizvino, vanonyanya kuzivikanwa Vagadziri vatatu vakuru vakasarudza kuisa ma "antivirus" uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa muma routers avoASUS ine AiProtection, TP-Link ine HomeShield, uye NETGEAR ine Armor. Imwe neimwe inoshandisa matekinoroji ayo uye mamodheru ebhizinesi, asi chinangwa chayo chakafanana: kuongorora traffic, kudzivirira njodzi dzinozivikanwa, uye kupa mushandisi network yepamba inodzorwa zvakanyanya.
ASUS AiProtection: Kuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki kwakabatana
ASUS inosanganisira mhinduro inonzi AiProtection, yakagadzirwa pamwe chete nevanopa rubatsiro rwekuchengetedza vane hunyanzviIyi puratifomu yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira zvakakwana zvishandiso zvese zvakabatana netiweki, zvisinei nekuti makombiyuta, nharembozha, mapiritsi, maTV akangwara kana zvishandiso zveIoT.
Mabasa ayo makuru anosanganisira: Kuvharirwa otomatiki kwemawebhusaiti ane hutsinye uye phishing, uchishandisa madhatabhesi ekutyisidzira akagadziridzwa ari mugore; kuona kuedza kwekupinda kwenetwork; uye kugona kuona zvishandiso zvinoratidza maitiro asina kujairika, zvakaita sekuwanda kwevanhu vanopinda kune mamwe maakero kana kubatana nemaseva anofungirwa.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kugona Ongorora magadzirirwo erouter uye upe mazano ekuvandudza kuchengetedzekaIzvi zvinosanganisira matanho akadai sekuchinja mapassword asina simba, kudzima masevhisi asina basa, kana kugadzirisa firmware. Nenzira iyi, kunyangwe vashandisi vane ruzivo rwakakwana rwehunyanzvi vanogona kugadzira sisitimu yakasimba yekurwisa kurwiswa kwakajairika.
Mumhando dzakawanda, AiProtection inowedzerwa ne zvidzoreso zvevabereki zvepamusoro uye sarudzo dzekutarisira nguva yekubatanidzaIzvi zvinobatsira mhuri nemahofisi madiki kuchengetedza kutonga kwakanyanya pamusoro pekuti ndiani anobatanidza, nguva dzipi, uye rudzii rwezvinhu zvavanowana kubva kune network yemuno.
TP-Link HomeShield: Dziviriro yepamusoro uye kutonga kwemba yakabatana
TP-Link, rimwe zita guru munyika yekubatana kwevanhu, rave nekugadzirwa HomeShield sepuratifomu yako yekuchengetedza yakabatanidzwa muma routers uye masisitimu eWi-Fi meshPfungwa yacho yakafanana: kupa dziviriro iri pakati penzvimbo inotarisa traffic yenetiweki uye inoderedza njodzi dzemidziyo yese yakabatana.
HomeShield inowanzo sanganisira kusefa zviri mukati, kudzivirira kupinda, uye kuvharira mawebhusaiti ane njodziInowanzo kupawo mishumo yenguva dzose pamusoro pemamiriro enetwork, mashandisirwo edata, uye zviitiko zvekuchengetedza zvakaonekwa, zvichibvumira mushandisi kuona zvizere zviri kuitika muzvivakwa zvavo zvepamba.
Muchikamu chedzimba dzakangwara, HomeShield inonyanya kutarisisa Midziyo yeIoT, iyo inowanzo kuve isina kudzivirirwa zvakanyanyaMasensa, mababu akangwara, makamera, mapulagi, nemasipika akabatana haawanzo gamuchira zviziviso zvitsva kana kushandisa mapassword asina kusimba. HomeShield ine chinangwa chekuwedzera dziviriro, ichidzivirira zvishandiso izvi kuti zvisave nzvimbo yekupinda kwemurwisi.
Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso uye mhando, TP-Link inopa mazinga akasiyana eHomeShield, kubva pazvinhu zvemahara kusvika kumapurani akabhadharwa ane sarudzo dzepamberiIzvi zvinoita kuti kuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki kugadzirwe zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi wega wega pasina kugara achivamanikidza kuti vape mamwe mabasa kana asingadiwi.
NETGEAR Armor: dziviriro yebasa rekuchengetedza rakavakirwa mugore
NETGEAR yakagadzira mhinduro yayo Nhumbi dzekudzivirira sechikamu chakakwana chekudzivirira network dzemumba nemahofisi madikiIchishandisa matekinoroji ekuchengetedza data emakombiyuta ari mugore, iyi puratifomu yakabatanidzwa muma routers mazhinji ekambani iyi uye masisitimu emesh, ichinyanya kutarisisa kudzivirira njodzi munguva chaiyo.
Zvipo zveArmor, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Kuongorora kwakadzama kwetraffic, kuona malware, kuvharirwa kwekuyedza kushandisa njodzi, uye kusefa phishingZvese izvi zvinotarisirwa kuburikidza nemaapplication ane mifananidzo yakawanda uye ma dashboard, kuitira kuti mushandisi agone kuona zviri kuitika uye zvakavharika zviri nyore.
Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti NETGEAR inowanzo sanganisa Armor ne marezenisi ekuchengetedza anogonawo kuiswa pamidziyo yega yegakuwedzera dziviriro kupfuura router. Nenzira iyi, zvese network perimeter uye zvishandiso zvemunhu zvinobatsirwa nekudzivirira kwakarongeka kubva kunjodzi dzinogara dzichichinja.
Nemhando idzi dzemhinduro, chinangwa ndechekuti router irege kungova mudziyo "unopa Wi-Fi" uye ive nzvimbo huru yekuchengetedza network, zvichidzivirira mushandisi kuti asave nyanzvi kuti adzivirirwe zvine mweroKunyangwe zvakadaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka: kugadzirisa zvinhu zvitsva, mapassword akasimba, uye kushandisa njere paunenge uchitarisa.
Nheyo dzekosi yekubatana: kubatana, mapuroteni uye mamodheru
Kunze kwekuchengetedzeka, kosi yakanaka yekubatana nevamwe inotanga ne nheyo huru dzekubatana uye kuti zvishandiso zvinotaurirana seiIzvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kuti network yedata chii, kuti ndeapi marudzi emanetwork aripo (LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN…) uye kuti ndeapi ma components akakosha anoaumba: network cards, switch, routers, access points, cables, wireless media, nezvimwewo.
Chikamu chikuru chekudzidza ndiko kudzidza nezve Mhando dzekutarisa dzeOSI neTCP/IPKunyange zvazvo zvinganzwika sedzidziso, mamodheru aya anobatsira kuronga pfungwa uye kunzwisisa kuti basa rega rega rinoitwa padanho ripi: kubva pakutumirwa kwemabhiti chaiwo kuenda kumapurogiramu atinoshandisa zuva nezuva. Nekubatanidza mapuroteni chaiwo (akadai seHTTP, TCP, UDP, IP, ARP…) kune rimwe nerimwe danho, zvinova nyore kuona matambudziko uye kunzwisisa kuti data rinofamba sei.
Muenzaniso weOSI, une zvikamu zvinomwe, unoshanda se hurongwa hwepfungwa dzekuongorora kutaurirana nekugadzira networkKunyange zvazvo modhi yeTCP/IP ichishandiswa sehwaro hwekushanda chaiko kweInternet nema network mazhinji emakambani, kunzwisisa kuti ma modhi ese ari maviri anoshanda sei kunodzivirira kuvhiringidzika uye kunobvumira kushandiswa kwemashoko akakodzera pakukurukura ma network.
Chikamu chinoshanda chekosi chinowanzo sanganisira gadziriro yekutanga yemidziyo yetiweki yekutanga, zvakaita semaswichi asina kutarisirwa, marouter ari nyore, kana nzvimbo dzekupinda dzeWi-Fi. Mudzidzi anodzidza kupinda munzvimbo dzekutonga, kuchinja maparameter akakosha, kupa ma IP address, uye kutarisa kubatana pakati pemidziyo yakasiyana.
Iyi nzira yese yekudzidzisa-kushanda inobvumira kuvaka chiono chakajeka chekuti network yakarongwa sei kubva panheyo dzayo, isati yapinda mumisoro yepamusoro senge kugadzirisa kwakaoma, kuchengetedzeka kwakadzika kana dhizaini yetopology yebhizinesi.
Kuisa kero dze IP, IPv4, IPv6 uye subnet
Imwe yemibairo yekudzidziswa kwekubatana ndeiyi Kero ye IP, iyo inobvumira mudziyo wega wega uri mukati me network kuti uzivikanwe zvakasiyanaPasina ma IP address, paisazova nenzira yekuti mapaketi azive kwekuenda, saka kunzwisisa system iyi kwakakosha kune chero maneja we network kana technician.
Kwemakore, mwero wagara uripo wave uripo IPv4, ine kero dze32-bit dzinowanzomiririrwa mufomati yedotted decimal (semuenzaniso, 192.168.1.10). Zvisinei, huwandu hwemakero anogona kuwanikwa hahuna kukwana nekuda kwekuputika kwemidziyo yakabatana, izvo zvakakonzera kushandiswa kweIPv6, iyo inoshandisa 128 bits uye inopa nzvimbo yekero isingapere. Kune mashandiro anoshanda, akadai sekudzidza chinja kero ye IP yePC yanguZvinobatsira kunzwisisa IPv4 zvakanaka.
Kosi yakakomba yekubatana inokudzidzisa Siyanisa pakati peIPv4 neIPv6, nzwisisa manyorerwo azvo, chimiro, uye mashandisirwo azvoKunyangwe IPv4 ichiramba iripo muma network emukati uye munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeInternet, kuiswa kweIPv6 kuri kuwedzera kuwanda, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzive nezvehunhu hwayo kubva pakutanga.
Imwe nyaya huru ndeye kugadzira mambure epasi kana mambure epasiZvinosanganisira kupatsanura network hombe kuita network diki dzakawanda, dzakarongwa zvine musoro kuti zvivandudze manejimendi, kuchengetedzeka, uye mashandiro. Kudzidza kuverenga subnet masks, host ranges, network addresses, uye broadcast addresss inyanzvi huru kune chero nyanzvi yenetworking.
Kudzidzira maekisesaizi ekushandisa subnetting kunobatsira mudzidzi kukudziridza kugona kutaura zvakanaka ronga zvirongwa zvekufambisa zvinobudirira uye zvinokwanisa kukuraIzvi zvinoshanda kune network diki uye zvivakwa zvakaoma kunzwisisa, kubva kunzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemisha kusvika kumabhizinesi ane nzvimbo dzakasiyana uye zvikamu zvakasiyana zvenetwork.
Midziyo yenetwork: ma routers, switch, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha
Mune network yega yega, hombe kana diki, mune mimwe michina inokosha zvikuru. Kosi yakazara yekubatana inopa chikamu chikuru chedzidzo yayo kune izvi. Ziva uye gadzirisa zvishandiso zvenetwork zvakaita semarouter, switch, uye access pointsvachitsanangura basa rinoitwa nechimwe nechimwe mukati me topology yakajairika.
Router ndiyo mudziyo une basa rekuita izvi batanidza network dzakasiyana uye traffic yenzira Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kumba izvi zvinowanzo reva kubatana pakati penetwork yemuno neinternet provider, asi mumabhizinesi zvinosanganisirawo kubatanidza mahofisi, matavi, uye masevhisi egore. Kudzidza kugadzirisa nzira dzekutanga dzisingachinji, NAT, DHCP, kana mitemo yefirewall chikamu chemaitiro ezuva nezuva ekutarisira network.
Maswichi, kune rumwe rutivi, anoshanda pane imwe layer uye anoshandiswa ku batanidza zvishandiso zvakawanda mukati me network imwe chete yemunoSwitch yekupinda inogamuchira zvinongedzo kubva kumakomputa, maprinta, mafoni eIP, kana nzvimbo dzekupinda, uye inotaurirana nemaswitch ari padanho repamusoro muhutungamiriri, senge maswitch ekuparadzira kana epakati pe network.
Kunze kwema routers nema switch, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita se mafirewall akatsaurirwa, ma controller asina waya, masisitimu ekuona kupinda kwechinhu, kana zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza miganhuKunzwisisa mabasa avo ekutanga kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwema network akasimba, anodzivirira kukundikana nekurwiswa, uye nekushanda zvakanaka kwese.
Mukati mekosi yese, mudzidzi anodzidza nezve chimiro chekugadzirisa chemidziyo iyi, kungave kuburikidza nekonsoro, web interface, kana software yekutonga yepakatiKudzidza kugadzirisa zvinhu zviri nyore uye kududzira mameseji emamiriro ezvinhu, magwaro, uye nhamba dzetraffic.
Kuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki: kutyisidzira, madziro ekudzivirira moto uye maitiro akanakisa
Hapana network yemazuva ano inogona kunzi yakakwana pasina kunyanya kutarisisa kuchengetedzeka. Chikamu chikuru chekudzidziswa chakatsaurirwa kune ziva njodzi dzekunze nedzemukatipamwe nekushandisa matanho ekudzivirira, kuona uye kupindura kurwiswa kana zviitiko zvinogona kuitika.
Zvinotyisa zvinowanzo sanganisira Kupindira kweInternet, kuedza kwechisimba kurwisa masevhisi anoratidzwa pachena, malware anopararira kuburikidza ne network, phishing, kurwiswa kwekurambidzwa kwebasa, kana kupinda pasina mvumo kubva mukati me sangano pacharo.Chimwe nechimwe chezviitiko izvi chinoda maturusi akagadziriswa uye maitiro ekuderedza migumisiro yacho; kuti utevere nyaya nenyevero nezvemishandirapamwe iyi unogona kubvunza nhau dzekuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta.
Mafirewall anoita basa guru. Mhinduro idzi, dzingave dzakabatanidzwa murouter kana kuti dzakashandiswa semidziyo yakatsaurirwa, Vanosefa traffic zvichibva pamitemo inotsanangura zvinotenderwa uye zvinovharirwa.Kosi yekutaurirana inokudzidzisa kunzwisisa mashandiro ekutanga emafirewall ekusefa mapaketi, kuongorora kwakarongeka, uye mhinduro dzakatonyanya kunaka dzakadai semafirewall echizvarwa chinotevera (NGFW).
Pamusoro pekushandisa zvishandiso, kunyanya kusimbiswa kuri pa maitiro akanaka ekugadzirisa uye kutonga: chinja mapassword akajairika, deredza mukana wekushandisa network uri kure, patsanura network kuita maVLAN akasiyana kuti uparadzanise nzvimbo dzakakosha, chengetedza firmware ichivandudzwa, dzima masevhisi asina kushandiswa, kana kutarisa magwaro nguva nenguva kuti uone maitiro asina kunaka.
Kugona matanho aya kunobvumira vatungamiriri kwete kungopindura chete kana zviitiko zvikaitika, asiwo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekurwiswa uye zvinovandudza kusimba kwezvivakwa, mudzimba dzakabudirira uye mumasangano ane hunyanzvi hwepakati nepakati kana hukuru.
Matopologi enetwork mumakambani: mukana, kugoverwa uye musimboti
Pakuchinja kubva kumba kuenda kubhizinesi, network dzinowedzera kuoma uye kukura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakakosha kugadzira topology ye network yebhizinesi inopa scalability, kushanda kwepamusoro, uye kudzokororwakuitira kuti kukundikana kukanganise mashandiro ebhizinesi zuva nezuva zvishoma sezvinobvira.
Imwe yezvivakwa zvakapararira zvikuru ndiyo yakavakirwa pa zvikamu zvitatu: mukana, kugoverwa, uye pakatiChigadziko chekupinda chine maswichi anobatanidza zvakananga kumaworkstation, maprinta, mafoni eIP, nzvimbo dzekupinda dzeWi-Fi, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekupedzisira. Basa ravo guru nderekupa vashandisi kubatana.
Chikamu chekugovera chinoshanda se murevereri pakati pechikamu chekupinda nepakatiApa ndipo panowanzoiswa maswitch ane simba, ane kugona kubata maVLAN akawanda, kushandisa mitemo yemhando yebasa (QoS), kugadzira runyorwa rwekudzora kupinda (ACLs) uye, kazhinji, kubata nzira dzemukati dzenetwork pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana.
Pamusoro pane musimboti wenetwork, wakagadzirwa nemidziyo yakagadzirirwa kubata huwandu hwakawanda hwetraffic nekunonoka kushomaChikamu chikuru chinobatanidza mabhuroko makuru akasiyana-siyana ezvivakwa, pamwe chete nezvinobuda kuInternet, nzvimbo dzedata kana zvinongedzo zvine simba guru nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Dhizaini yakanaka yetopology haingotsvage kushanda chete, asiwo kudzoserwa kwezvishandiso uye kushivirira zvikanganisoIzvi zvinoitwa, semuenzaniso, nekushandisa ma "duplicate links" pakati pe "layers", "redundancy protocols", "alternative routes", uye "fast-switching mechanisms" kana "link" ikakundikana kana "device" ikakundikana. Nenzira iyi, network inoramba ichishanda kunyangwe kana chimwe chinhu chikakundikana pane imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha.
Zvidzidzo zvepamusoro zvakanangana nemakambani epakati nepakati neakuru zvinowanzo tsanangura zvakadzama kuti Sanganisa zvinhu izvi nemaitiro ekuchengetedza, kupatsanura zvine musoro neVLAN, kuisa pamberi traffic yakakosha, uye kugara uchitarisanguva dzose vachitsvaga chiyero pakati pekuoma, mutengo uye mashandiro.
Pakupedzisira, kubva pa router yako yekumba kusvika kune network huru yekambani huru, network dzese dzine chinhu chimwe chete: kubvumira data kufamba zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka pakati pemidziyoKunyatsoongorora pfungwa dzakadai semareferensi, IP addressing, router neswitch configuration, hierarchical topology design, uye kushandiswa kwemamwe ma security layers muma routers pachawo zvinobvumira kuvaka zvivakwa zvakasimba zvikuru. Kungave kuchengetedza imba yakabatana kana kushandisa multi-level enterprise network, kuziva izvi network ne security basics kunoita mutsauko pakati pekudzima moto nguva dzose uye kuva nesystem yakagadzikana, inogona kukura yakagadzirirwa njodzi dzanhasi.