- Kunyepedzera kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuita semunhu ari ega (SMS, mafoni, email, web, IP, DNS, GPS, facial) chinangwa chayo ndechekuba data kana mari.
- Mukunyora SMS nekunyepedzera Caller ID, matsotsi anoreva nhema nezvemunhu anotumira nenhamba kuti vazviite semabhanga kana masangano anovimbwa nawo.
- Nzira yakanakisisa yekuzvidzivirira ndeyekungwarira mameseji nemafoni asingatarisirwi, kwete kugovera ruzivo rwakavanzika, uye kugara uchiongorora nematanho epamutemo.
- Kudzidziswa, zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza uye matanho ekutonga zvinosimbisa dziviriro, asi kungwarira kwevashandisi kunoramba kuri chinhu chakakosha.
La kuba zvitupa kuburikidza neSMS uye mafoni Yava imwe yehutsotsi hune njodzi uye hwakajairika hunokanganisa vanhu nemabhizinesi; tarisa zvichangoburwa Nhau pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta uye kuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura zvakadzama Chii chinonzi SMS spoofing, chinoshanda sei, uye chine chekuita sei nedzimwe mhando dzespoofing? (mumafoni, maemail, mawebhusaiti, IP, DNS, GPS, nezvimwewo), pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvekuzviona uye matanho anoshanda aunogona kushandisa kuti uzvidzivirire muhupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva, iwe pachako uye nebasa, uye munyaya dze kuchengetedzeka uye kuvanzika muzvirongwa.
Chii chinonzi kunyepedzera uye nei kune njodzi?
Patinotaura nezvekunyepedzera, tiri kureva nzira dzekubata zvitupa Izvi zvinoshandiswa nevanorwisa kutevedzera munhu wavanovimba naye, kambani, kana sangano. Chinangwa chacho chinogara chakafanana: kunyengedza munhu akabatwa kuti aburitse ruzivo rwakavanzika, kubhadhara, kana kuita zviito zvinobatsira munyengeri.
Matsotsi epaindaneti anosanganisa hutsotsi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dze Phishing (kunyengera kuti uba data)Matsotsi aya anogona kuitika kuburikidza neemail, SMS, kufona, kana mawebhusaiti enhema. Muchikamu chemabhanga, matsotsi aya anonyanya kutarisa pakutora matsamba ekubhengi epamhepo, ruzivo rwemakadhi, makodhi ekusimbisa SMS (OTP), kana rumwe ruzivo rwemunhu runogona kushandiswa kuita hutsotsi hwemari kana kunyange dzimwe mhosva dzekuba ruzivo.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarira izvo Masangano emari ane mukurumbira haakumbire ruzivo kuburikidza neSMS, runhare, kana email. Ruzivo rwakadai sezita rekushandisa nepassword yekubhangi online, makodhi anotumirwa kunharembozha yako, nhamba yekadhi, zuva rekupera, kana kodhi yekuchengetedza ine manhamba matatu (CVV/CVC) inofanira kukumbirwa. Kana mumwe munhu akakumbira ruzivo urwu kuburikidza nenzira idzi, unofanira kukurumidza kunyumwa.
Kunyepedzera SMS: Chii uye kuti inoshanda sei
El SMS spoofing Ndiyo nzira inobvumira munhu anorwisa kutumira meseji inoita kunge inobva kumutumi wepamutemo (kazhinji kubhangi, kambani yekutumira tsamba, kana sangano rehurumende), asi chaizvoizvo inotumirwa netsotsi. Iyi tsika inowanzoshandiswa mune imwe nzira ye phishing inonzi kusvuta, umo hunyengeri hunosvika kuburikidza neSMS.
Mukuita, munyengeri Chinja nhamba kana zita remunhu akatumira Zvaunoona pachikirini chako chefoni (munda unozivikanwa seSender ID). Nekuda kweizvi, meseji yekunyepedzera inogona kuoneka muSMS thread imwe chete yawakagamuchira kare kutaurirana kwepamutemo kubva kubhangi rako kana sevhisi yaunovimba nayo. Kuonekwa uku kwekuenderera mberi kunoita kuti mushandisi asazvidya moyo.
Zviri mukati memameseji aya eSMS zvinowanzo sanganisira zviziviso zvinotyisidzira kana zvekukurumidziraMatsotsi aya anowanzo sanganisira: mari dzisingazivikanwe, kuvharwa kweakaundi munguva pfupi iri kutevera, kuda kugadzirisa ruzivo, mibairo inofungidzirwa kana kudzoserwa mari yemitero, nezvimwe. Kubva ipapo, vanokukoka kuti udzvanye pane chinongedzo kana kufonera nhamba yefoni isiri yemunhu anonyepedzera.
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika ndeyekuti meseji ive ne chinongedzo chewebsite yenhema inotevedzera webhusaiti yebhangiPeji rino rinogona kunge rakafanana nerechokwadi: malogo, mavara, zvinyorwa zvakafanana, uye kunyange URL yakafanana. Chinangwa ndechekuti iwe uise matsamba ako ebhangi epamhepo, ruzivo rwekadhi, uye makodhi aunogamuchira kuburikidza neSMS kuitira kuti tsotsi rikwanise kupinda muakaundi yako.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, SMS inorayira munhu anenge abatwa nechirwere kuti nhamba yefoni yekunyepedzeraapo munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye “maneja” kana “mumiriri” anozviita semushandi webhangi, okumbira ruzivo rwepachivande uye otungamira munhu wacho nhanho nhanho kuti abvumidze kutumirwa kana kubhadharwa, achitenda kuti vari "kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedza".
Sei mameseji enhema eSMS achisanganiswa neepamutemo?
Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa ndeyekuti zvinogoneka sei kuti meseji inyorwe zvinoonekwa mukati meshinda imwe chete kupfuura mameseji eSMS ari pamutemo anobva kubhangi. Tsananguro yacho iri pakuti nharembozha nemanetwork zvinobata sei chiratidzo chemutumi.
Midziyo iyi inounganidza hurukuro zvichibva pane ID yeMutumiNzvimbo iyi ine alphanumeric haina humbowo hwakasimba uye haina humbowo hwepamutemo hwepasi rose. Nemamwe mashoko, network nemafoni zvinofungidzira kuti chero ani zvake anozviti "Bank X" kana kushandisa nhamba chaiyo, haana humbowo hwakasimba.
Mukana uyu unobvumira matsotsi epaindaneti tora zita rekutumira zvinhu rinoshandiswa nemabhangi nemakambaniSezvo pasina humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti pane ane zita rekuti "alias holder", terminal yemushandisi inosanganisa mameseji enhema neechokwadi, zvichiita kuti pave nechimiro chakajairika.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti kunyange vashandisi vane hanya uye vane ruzivo Vanogona kuwira mumusungo, sezvo nzira nemamiriro ezvinhu (mashoko anobva ku "bhangi rako") zvichiita sezvechokwadi, uye matauriro emashoko acho anotamba nekutya, kukurumidza, kana kunzwa kwekurasikirwa nemari.
Kunyepedzera Kuzivikanwa Kwemunhu Anofona: Kunyepedzera mumafoni
El Kunyepedzera kufonera munhu ane ID Kunyengera pafoni kwakafanana nekunyengera SMS, asi kunoshandiswa pakufona. Panzvimbo pekushandisa munhu anotumira SMS, munhu anorwisa inonyepera nhamba inoonekwa panhamba yekufoneraSaka, sikirini yefoni inogona kuratidza nhamba chaiyo yebhangi, sangano repamutemo, kana munhu waunozivikanwa naye, kunyangwe kana runhare rwacho rwuchibva kune imwe nzvimbo.
Nehunyanzvi uhu, munyengeri anonyepedzera kuva mushandi webhangi, maneja weakaunti, kana mushandi webasa repamutemo uye kutaura nemunhu anenge abatwa nedambudziko rekukurumidza: mafambiro anofungirwa, kuedza kupinda pasina mvumo, kuvharirwa kwemakadhi, kuda kusimbisa data nekukasika, nezvimwewo.
Panguva yekufona, munhu ari kune rimwe divi anowanzo bvunza data inonzwisisika zvakanyanya: zita rekushandisa nepassword yekubhengi redhijitari, makodhi anogamuchirwa neSMS, nhamba yekadhi rakazara, PIN, ruzivo rwemunhu (ID, zuva rekuzvarwa, kero) kana kuti munhu anenge abatwa anotumira mari "yekudzivirira hutsotsi" huri kuendeswa kumaakaundi anodzorwa nematsotsi.
Migumisiro yacho inogona kuva yakakomba: kupinda zvakananga kumaakaundi ebhangiIzvi zvinosanganisira kutamiswa kwemari nebhangi zvisina mvumo, kuvhura maakaundi muzita remunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva, kana kuba zita rake kuti aite dzimwe mhosva. Saka, kana ukakumbirwa ruzivo rwekuchengetedza panguva yekufona, unofanira kudzimisa foni wofonera nhamba dzefoni dzebhangi iwe pachako.
Kuti uone nyaya inogona kunge iri yekunyepedzera Caller ID, zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa kana Vanosimbirira pakuti chirongwa chinofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza, kana matauriro acho achityisa, kana mibvunzo yacho isiri yenguva dzose (semuenzaniso, kukumbira mapassword akazara kana makodhi ayo bhangi risingambokukumbire pafoni).
Dzimwe mhando dzekunyepedzera dzekunyepedzera
Kunyangwe kushandisa SMS neCaller ID zvisiri pamutemo zvine njodzi zvikuru mubazi rezvemari, kune dzimwe nzira zvakare. dzimwe mhando dzakawanda dzekunyepedzera vanotsvagawo kunyengedza nekuba ruzivo kana mari. Kunzwisisa kwavo kunobatsira kuona maitiro uye kuzvidzivirira zviri nani.
Kunyepedzera kutumira email
In the email spoofingMurwisi anotumira maemail anoita seanobva kukero yepamutemo: kubhangi, kambani inozivikanwa, kana kunyange munhu waunosangana naye. Nzira yekunyengera ndeyekunyepedzera sender (FROM), kuitira kuti pakutanga domain iite seyakavimbika, kunyange kana ukaiongorora zvakanyanya. zvakasiyana zvishoma nedomeini chaiyo yechinhu (semuenzaniso, chinja bhii, wedzera hyphen, kana kushandisa imwe extension).
Maemail aya anowanzo bvunza mushandisi kupa ruzivo rwemunhu kana rwemariDhawunirodha chinongedzo kana kudzvanya pane zvinongedzo zvinotungamira kumapeji ekubiridzira. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoshandiswa kuisa malware (mavhairasi, maTrojans, ma keyloggers) kana kuvhura webhusaiti yakafanana neyebhangi, uko munhu anenge abatwa achaisa ma certificate ake.
Kubiridzira webhusaiti kana domain
El kunyengedza pawebhu kana kunyengedza padhomaini Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira webhusaiti yenhema inotevedzera yepamutemo (bhangi, chitoro chepamhepo, sangano rehurumende, nezvimwewo). URL inoratidzwa mubhawa rekero rebrowser inowanzo fanana zvikuru, asi haina kufanana, neURL yewebhusaiti chaiyo. Varwi vanowanzo sanganisa nzira iyi neSMS kana email spoofing kuti vanhu vaende kumawebhusaiti aya enhema.
Kana angosvika pawebhusaiti yenhema, munhu anenge abatwa anopinda zvitupa zvako zvekupinda, ruzivo rwekadhi, kana rumwe ruzivo rwakavanzika vachitenda kuti vari papeji rekutanga. Matsotsi anobata ruzivo urwu panguva chaiyo uye anogona kurwushandisa ipapo ipapo kuti apinde muakaundi, atenge, kana kuti awane mari yasara.
IP spoofing
In the IP kubiraMatsotsi epaindaneti anonyengedza kero yeIP yeimwe komputa kuitira kuti sisitimu yavanoda itende kuti kubatana kwacho kunobva kune munhu akavimbika. Nenzira iyi, vanogona dzivisa mafirita ekuchengetedza, shandisa zviwanikwa zvakaganhurirwa kana kushandisa mukana wekuvimbana kuripo pakati pemachina ari panetwork imwe chete.
Rudzi urwu rwekurwiswa runowanzo shandiswa sechikamu che nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisazvakaita sekurwiswa kweDDoS kana kupindira muma network emakambani, uye zvinogona kubvumira kubiwa kwemashoko akavanzika kana pasina matanho ekudzivirira akakwana.
DNS Spoofing
El DNS spoofing Zvinoshandisa nzira yekushandura Domain Name System (DNS), iyo inoshandura mazita ewebhusaiti kuita ma IP address. Varwisi vanokanganisa router kana komputa yemunhu anenge abatwa, kana kukanganisa mhinduro dzeDNS, kuitira kuti kana mushandisi akashanyira webhusaiti inozivikanwa, anoendeswa chinyararire kune webhusaiti ine njodzi. webhusaiti yekunyepedzera inodzorwa navo.
Kubva pamaonero emushandisi, zvese zvinoita sezvakajairika (vanonyora URL yavanoshandisa nguva dzose), asi muchokwadi vari kupinda pawebhusaiti yakashandurwa kwavanogona kuba zvitupa, ruzivo rwebhangi, kana kuisa malware ndisingazvizivi.
GPS Spoofing
El GPS kupamba Zvinosanganisira kunyengedza kana kushandisa chiratidzo chekuisa chiratidzo kuitira kuti mudziyo utende kuti chiri panzvimbo yakasiyana neyachiri chaizvo. Nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa masisitimu ekufambisa ekunyengera, kuchinja nzira dzekutakura, kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvenzvimbo kana kutoita hutsotsi hune chekuita nekutumira zvinhu kana nzira dzinobhadhariswa zvichienderana nedaro.
Semuenzaniso, mutyairi ane utsinye anogona kushandisa GPS kunyengera kuti afunge kuti afamba makiromita akawanda kupfuura chaiwo uye nokudaro kuchaja mari yakawanda, kana kutamisa kutakurwa kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo pasina sisitimu yazviona nekukasika.
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) kurwisa
Mukurwisa kwerudzi urwu Munhu-mune-pakati (MitM)Matsotsi epaindaneti anomira pakati pemapoka maviri anotaurirana (semuenzaniso, mushandisi newebhusaiti) uye inodzivisa kufamba kwemotokari pasina kana mumwe wavo anoonaNzira yakajairika yekuita izvi ndeyekugadzira network yeWi-Fi yenhema ine zita rakafanana nere network yeWi-Fi yepamutemo (kubva ku cafe, hotera, yunivhesiti, nezvimwewo).
Kana mushandisi akabatana nenetwork iyoyo yekusungirira, murwisi anogona kubata mapassword, ruzivo rwemakadhi, maemail, uye rumwe ruzivo rwakakoshaMune zvimwe zviitiko, inogonawo kugadzirisa traffic kuti iendeswe kumawebhusaiti enhema kana kuisa kodhi yakaipa.
Kusvibisa Chiso
El kunyengedza kumeso Inonyanya kutarisisa pakushandisa nzira dzekunyengera dzekuziva kumeso. Murwisi anoshandisa mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo kana mamodheru echiso chemumwe munhu kuitira kuvhura nharembozha, kuwana maapplication ekubhengi, kana kunzvenga zvidzoreso zve biometric authentication.
Kana sisitimu yacho isina nzira dzepamusoro dzekuona hupenyu (semuenzaniso, kuongorora kudzika, mafambiro echisikigo, kana kuratidzwa kwechiedza), inogona kunyengedzwa uye inobvumira mukana wekuwana maakaundi nemasevhisi usingatenderwe inonzwira tsitsi zvikuru.
Kunyepedzera mumabasa ehunyanzvi uye ebhizinesi
Mabhizinesi, kubva kumakambani makuru kusvika kumaSME, ndiwo anowanzo shandiswa nzira idzi dzekutevedzera vamwe. Mubasa, vanorwisa vanogadzirisa mashoko avo kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nemakambani makuru. kuzviita vatungamiriri, vashandi pamwe chete, vatengesi, kana vatengi sangano rinotaurirana navo zuva nezuva.
Zvakajairika kuti vaedze kunyengetedza vashandi kuti vaite basa ravo kubhadhara nekukurumidza kumaakaundi anodzorwa nematsotsiVanogona kupa ruzivo rwakavanzika (ruzivo rwevatengi, mishumo yemukati, zvitupa zvekupinda) kana kudhawunirodha magwaro ane malware. Mazhinji ematsotsi aya anozivikanwa seCEO fraud kana Business Email Compromise (BEC).
Kuti kuderedze njodzi, chinhu chakakosha dzidzisa timu yese nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuchengetedza cybersecurity uye kusimbisa maitiro ekusimbisa mukati (semuenzaniso, zvinoda kuongororwa kaviri kana paine shanduko kumaakaundi ebhangi emutengesi kana kuti kune kutamiswa kukuru kwemari). Zvinobatsirawo kuva nemhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzinoongorora maemail, dzinovhara mameseji anofungidzirwa, uye dzinotarisa zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki.
Mamwe masangano emari anopa masevhisi ekuchengetedza cyber kunyanya emabhizinesi, dzakadai semapuratifomu ari pakati nepakati anoona nekudzivirira kuedza kwe phishing nekunyepedzera, kuongorora huwandu hwenjodzi, uye kupa kudzidziswa kuri kuitwa kuvashandi kuti vadzidze maitiro ekuziva kutaurirana kwakaipa.
Maitiro emutemo uye matanho ekudzivirira kubiridzira
Kuwedzera kukuru kwehutsotsi hwakavakirwa pakunyepedzera kwakaita kuti vatongi vatore matanho ekudzivirira bvumidza mitemo chaiyo yekudzora maitiro ayaChimwe chezviito ndechekumanikidza vanofambisa nhaurirano kuti vasimbise kudzora manhamba anoshandiswa mukufona neSMS.
Pakati pematanho anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya: chisungo chekuvhara kutaurirana nenhamba dzenhema, dzakagadziriswa kana dzisina kugoverwa uye mutemo wekuzivikanwa kwenhamba dzinoshandiswa mukushandira vatengi uye kufona kwekutengesa. Izvi zvine chinangwa chekuomesa kushandisa mazita asina kukodzera kana nhamba dzisingaenderane nechinhu chaicho.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, dziviriro yepamutemo neyehunyanzvi haina kukwana pachayo: zvichiri kukosha kuti vashandisi Ramba uine mafungiro ekutsoropodza uye ekuchenjera Chenjerera chero kutaurirana kunokumbira ruzivo rwepachivande kana kukumanikidza kuti uite chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza, kunyanya kana kuchisvika neSMS kana kufona.
Maitiro ekuziva nekudzivirira kunyengedzwa kweSMS uye kunyengedzwa kwemunhu anofona
Kunyange hazvo pasina hurongwa husingakanganisike, kune nzira dzakawanda dzinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekubatwa nehutsotsi uhwu. Chekutanga ndechekugadzira imwe nzira "pfungwa dzechizvino-zvino dzedhijitari"Iva nehanya nemeseji kana kufona kusingatarisirwi kunokumbira ruzivo kana kuti kutyisidzira.
Kana ukasangana nemeseji inofungirwa, mutemo wepamusoro ndewekuti Usadzvanya pane zvinongedzo zviri murugwaro uye usafonere nhamba dziri mumeseji. Kana zvichiita sekunge dziri kubva kubhangi rako, enda zvakananga kuwebhusaiti yepamutemo nekunyora URL mubrowser yako kana kuti pinda muapp yepamutemo, uye tarisa ipapo kana paine yambiro kana dambudziko.
Kana paine mafoni, kunyangwe ukaona nhamba yebhangi pachiratidziro, haufanirwe kuiisa. mapassword, makodhi ekusimbisa, ruzivo rwekadhi, kana makiyi esiginechaKana vakasimbirira, bvisa foni wofonera nhamba yebasa revatengi iwe pachako, iyo yakanyorwa pawebhusaiti yepamutemo kana kumashure kwekadhi rako.
Zvinokurudzirwawo kuti utange uye ushandise mukana we kuvimbiswa kwezvinhu zviviri (2FA) mumasevhisi akakosha akadai semabhangi epamhepo, maemail kana mapuratifomu ehunyanzvi, asi nguva dzose yeuka kuti makodhi anotumirwa neSMS kana kuapp yekuvimbisa haafanirwe kugoverwa kune chero munhu, kunyangwe munhu wacho achiti anobva kubhangi.
Pakupedzisira, chengetedza kuva nenharembozha itsva uye mhinduro dzekuchengetedza (antivirus, antispam, mafirita eURL) anowedzera dziviriro kubva kumapurogiramu ane njodzi uye malink ane njodzi, zvichideredza mikana yekutapukirwa kana kuendeswa kune mawebhusaiti ephishing.
Mazano akajairika ekudzivirira kubva mukunyengedza
Kunze kwenzira imwe neimwe chaiyo (SMS, kufona, email, webhusaiti), kune nzira dzakawanda dzakanakisa dzinobatsira kudzivirira kubva kune chero rudzi rwekunyepedzera. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti Usagovane ruzivo rwakavanzika kuburikidza nenzira dzisina kuchengetedzeka kana kuti zvisina kusimbiswa, kunyanya kana usiri iwe wakatanga kutaurirana.
Mu email, usati wadzvanya pane link kana kudhawunirodha attachment, nyatsoongorora domain yemutumi uye zviri mukati memesejiChenjerera zvikanganiso zvidiki zvemaperetera, madomain asina kujairika, kana zvikumbiro zveruzivo izvo bhangi rako risingazombokumbire kuburikidza neemail. Kana paine chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka, zvakanaka kudzima meseji yacho kana kubata bhangi zvakananga uchishandisa imwe nzira.
Paunenge uchitarisa pawebhu, jaira kutarisa URL yakazara mubhawa rebrowser uye simbisa kuti zvinoenderana nekero yepamutemo yesangano racho. Chenjerera mawebhusaiti ane mazita akafanana zvakanyanya neepakutanga asi asina kufanana, kana kuti awakagamuchira kuburikidza nemalink mumaemail asina kukumbirwa kana mameseji.
Pama network eWi-Fi everuzhinji kana akavhurika, dzivisa kupinda mumasevhisi akavanzika akadai se mabhangi epamhepo, maemail emakambani, kana mapaneru ekutongaKana uchida kudaro, shandisa VPN yaunovimba nayo kuti uvhare connection yacho uye kuderedza mikana yekuti mumwe munhu avhare traffic yako.
Chekupedzisira, yeuka kuti kutaura kwehasha kana kuti kunoedza kukukurumidzisa kazhinji chiratidzo chakaipa: Hapana nzira dzepamutemo dzebhangi dzinoda kuti sarudzo dziitwe nekukurumidza dziri panjodzi Unogona kurasikirwa nemari mumaminitsi mashoma. Kana ukaona kumanikidzwa kana dhiraivha mumeseji kana kufona, mira, tora mweya, uye ongorora ruzivo rwako wega.
Kusanganiswa kweruzivo, kusava nechokwadi kwakanaka, uye mamwe matanho ehunyanzvi zvinoita kuti zviomere munhu anoita zvehutsotsi paindaneti kubudirira nehunyanzvi hwekunyengera, kungave kuburikidza neSMS, mafoni, email, mawebhusaiti enhema, kana dzimwe nzira dzedhijitari.
